History Of Computer
Dear learners in this unit are we will introduce you to computer and its users capabilities and limitations of computers classification of computers types of computers history and evolution of computers basic operations of computers and organization of computers when you have completed this unit you must be able to explain what is a computer basic units of computer and their purpose how computers work features of computers uses of computers types of computers generations of computers applications of computers and basic computer operations.
Now we will discuss some characteristics of computers some features of computers are high speed reliability accuracy large memory logical decision making versatility automation and diligence first feature of computer is its speed of from memory decoded and executed the speed of workstations mainframes and high-speed personal computers is measured in terms of millions of instructions per second these computer's operate in the range of 20 to 1,000 MIPS typically a hundred MIT's computer can execute 100 million instructions per second the speed of supercomputer is measured in terms of floating-point operations per second floating-point numbers include very small or very large numbers supercomputers operate at a speed of 500 gigaflops to 3 teraflops a gigaflop is 1 billion flops and a tariff's now are rated from 300 megahertz to gigahertz a typical 800.00 megahertz computer takes a very small fraction of a second to complete one cycle normally several clock cycles are required to fetch a single instruction from memory decoded.
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| IBM's first Morden Computer. |
And executed the speed of workstations mainframes and high speed personal computers is measured in terms of millions of instruction's per second these computers operate in the range of 20 to 1,000 MIPS typically a hundred MIT's computer can execute 100 million instructions per second the speed of supercomputer's is measured in terms of floating-point operations per second floating-point numbers include very small or very large numbers supercomputers operate at a speed of 500 gigaflops to 3 teraflops a gigaflop is 1 and precise Computers maintain accuracy within a millisecond microsecond nanosecond picosecond their predecessors until early 60s large companies were producing mainframe computers in 1963 dec introduced pdp-8 it was upgrade their computer systems without converting their data besides developments in hardware technology scientists were busy in developing the techniques to interact with the computer to perform a variety Johann Kamini started developing a programming language and introduced basic programming language in 1964 it became a popular programming language for business.
Scientific applications basic was supported on many types of computers during 1971 4th generation computer's were introduced with the introduction of integrated circuit this was significant innovation in the history of computing during early 70's Sir Bill Gates and Paul Allen were busy in developing game's for personal computers and introduced a basic programming language they affirmed today's most influential software from Microsoft Corporation it revolutionized the idea of personal computing with the introduction of Microsoft disk operating system dear learners personal computers were not available Apple - personal computer was introduced in 1975 this was prominent venture by Stephen Jobs and Steve Wozniak in 1981 IBM introduced IBM personal computer and many personal computers were sold by the end of 1982 at that time many other companies started manufacturing of IBM pc compatibles the use of personal computers had considerably increased in business there was a tremendous need for business software Mitchell Kapoor established development company Lotus corporation introduced electronic spreadsheet application that boosted the sales of I
BM PC and Lotus 1-2-3 dear learners the credit for today's easy-to-use point-and-click graphical user interface goes to Apple Computer gu I changed the human-computer interaction from text-based exchange mode to friendly wimp interface during the last two decades UNIX microsoft windows sun solaris apple macintosh and many other graphical user interface operating systems were introduced dear learners during the last few years there has been a tremendous advancement in microprocessor technology and now personal computer's operate's at speeds up to 2 gigahertz there has been a considerable advancement in computer peripheral devices most powerful supercomputers mainframes...
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